What is Phishing?

Phishing is no longer just a tech buzzword — it's a real threat that targets unsuspecting people every day. Whether you're checking your email, scrolling through social media, or answering a phone call, scammers are constantly finding new ways to steal your personal information. Understanding what phishing is and how these attacks work is the first step to protecting yourself and your data. In this article, we'll break down the tactics cybercriminals use, how to spot suspicious messages, and most importantly, how to stay safe online.

Phishing Definition

Phishing is a widespread cyber attack method that targets individuals through emails, text messages, phone calls, and other communication channels. The goal of a phishing attack is to deceive the recipient into taking a specific action that benefits the attacker, such as revealing financial information, login credentials, or other sensitive data.

As a common form of social engineering, phishing relies on psychological manipulation and deception. Threat actors often impersonate trusted entities to mislead users into taking harmful actions. These may include clicking on links to fake websites, downloading malicious files, or disclosing private details like bank account numbers or credit card information.

The term "phishing" dates back to the mid-1990s when hackers began using fraudulent emails to "fish" for information from unsuspecting users. Over time, phishing attacks have become increasingly sophisticated, evolving into various types such as email phishing, spear phishing, smishing, vishing, and whaling. Each type leverages specific communication methods — email, text, voice, or social media — yet all share the same deceptive intent.

How Phishing Works?

Whether a phishing campaign is highly targeted or sent to a broad audience, it always begins with a malicious message. Attackers disguise their communication to appear as though it’s from a legitimate company. The more convincing the imitation, the greater the chances that the attacker will succeed.

While attackers may have different objectives, their primary goal is usually to steal personal information or login credentials. To increase the chances of success, phishing messages often create a sense of urgency — threatening account suspension, financial loss, or even job termination. Victims caught in this psychological trap often fail to stop and question whether the demands are reasonable or if the source is trustworthy.

Phishing tactics are constantly evolving to bypass security filters and fool users. This is why organizations must regularly train their staff to recognize the latest phishing strategies. Unfortunately, it only takes one person falling for a phishing attempt to trigger a serious data breach. That’s what makes phishing such a significant threat — and one of the hardest to prevent since it relies heavily on human awareness.

Why Is Phishing a Problem?

Phishing poses a serious problem because it’s easy, low-cost, and highly effective for cybercriminals. Email-based phishing campaigns, in particular, require minimal resources yet can reach thousands of potential victims.

Victims of phishing scams may face severe consequences, such as malware infections (including ransomware), identity theft, or significant data loss.

Cybercriminals commonly target personally identifiable information (PII) like financial account details, credit card numbers, and tax or medical records. Additionally, they seek valuable business data, such as customer contact information, proprietary product details, and confidential communications.

Phishing attacks are also used to gain unauthorized access to email, social media accounts, and other platforms. In some cases, attackers exploit these entry points to manipulate or compromise connected systems, such as point-of-sale terminals or order processing platforms. Many of the largest data breaches in history have started with just one convincing phishing email — giving attackers a small opening to expand their attack.

Read more: What is Zero Trust?

Phishing Techniques

Cybercriminals commonly use three primary phishing techniques to steal information: malicious web links, malicious attachments, and fraudulent data-entry forms.

Malicious Web Links

Phishing links redirect users to impostor websites or sites infected with malicious software, commonly known as malware. These links may be disguised as trusted URLs and can even be embedded within logos or other images in an email.

Malicious Attachments

These attachments may appear to be legitimate files but are actually infected with malware that can compromise computers and their contents.

Fraudulent Data Entry Forms

This technique involves fake forms that prompt users to provide sensitive information such as user IDs, passwords, credit card details, and phone numbers. Once submitted, this data can be exploited by cybercriminals for various malicious activities, including identity theft.

Types of Phishing Attacks

Phishing has evolved beyond simple credential and data theft. The way an attacker executes a campaign depends on the type of phishing attack. Common types include:

1. Email Phishing: This is a broad term for any malicious email intended to trick users into revealing private information. Attackers often aim to steal account credentials, personally identifiable information (PII), or corporate trade secrets. However, attackers targeting specific businesses may have additional motives.
   
   
2. Spear Phishing: These emails are targeted at specific individuals within an organization, usually those with high-privilege accounts. The goal is to trick them into revealing sensitive data, transferring money, or downloading malware.
   
   
3. Link Manipulation: Attackers send messages with links to malicious websites that mimic legitimate businesses. Victims are directed to an attacker-controlled server where they are encouraged to enter their login credentials into a spoofed page.
   
   
4. Whaling (CEO Fraud): These messages are designed to deceive high-profile employees into believing that the CEO or another executive is requesting a financial transfer. Instead of impersonating a popular website, the attacker spoofs the identity of a high-ranking company official.
   
   
5. Content Injection: An attacker injects malicious content into an official website to trick users into interacting with a harmful pop-up or redirecting them to a phishing website.
   
   
6. Malware: Users are tricked into clicking links or opening attachments that download malware onto their devices. Common threats include ransomware, rootkits, or keyloggers, which steal data or extort victims.
   
   
7. Smishing: Attackers send malicious SMS messages that prompt recipients to visit harmful websites. These messages often promise discounts, rewards, or free prizes to lure victims.
   
   
8. Vishing: Attackers use voice-changing software to leave messages instructing victims to call a specific number, where they will be scammed. Voice changers are also used in direct conversations to disguise the attacker’s accent or gender.
   
   
9. “Evil Twin” Wi-Fi: Attackers create a malicious Wi-Fi hotspot that mimics a legitimate public network. Once connected, users may unknowingly expose sensitive data, which attackers can intercept.
   
   
10. Pharming: A two-phase attack where malware is installed on a victim's device, redirecting them to a fake website that requests their login credentials. DNS poisoning is another method used to direct users to spoofed domains.
    
    
11. Angler Phishing: Using social media, attackers respond to user posts while pretending to represent an official organization. They persuade victims to reveal account credentials or personal data.
    
    
12. Watering Hole Attack: Attackers identify a website frequently visited by their target audience. By exploiting a vulnerability in the site, they infect visitors with malware that can redirect them to fake websites or deliver a malicious payload to compromise the local network.

Preventing Phishing Attacks

Although hackers are constantly developing new techniques, there are several steps you can take to protect yourself and your organization:

1. Adjust Browser Settings to Block Fraudulent Websites: Browsers maintain a list of fake websites, and when you attempt to access one, the browser may block the address or display an alert. Browser settings should be configured to only allow trusted websites to open.
   
   
2. Manage Passwords Securely: Many websites require users to enter login information while displaying their profile picture. This type of system may be vulnerable to security attacks. One way to ensure security is to change passwords regularly and never use the same password for multiple accounts. It’s also advisable for websites to implement CAPTCHA systems for additional protection.
   
   
3. Implement an Advanced Cybersecurity Solution Like TecnetProtect: This solution offers comprehensive protection against phishing attacks through advanced email protection. It effectively blocks suspicious emails and filters out malicious messages before they reach users. Additionally, TecnetProtect defends corporate devices and networks against malicious links, fake websites, and other attack vectors. This proactive defense significantly reduces the risk of employees falling victim to phishing attacks.
   
   
4. Change Your Browsing Habits: To prevent phishing, it’s important to adopt new browsing habits. If verification is required, always contact the company directly before entering any personal information online.
   
   
5. Verify Suspicious Links: If you receive a link in an email, hover over the URL before clicking. Secure websites with a valid Secure Socket Layer (SSL) certificate begin with “https.” Eventually, all websites will be required to have a valid SSL certificate.

Combining best security practices with advanced solutions like TecnetProtect is key to safeguarding both personal and corporate information from phishing threats.